Pre-equilibrium Effects on Alpha Particle Induced Reactions on Niobium Isotope from Threshold upto 100MeV using the Computer Code COMPLET
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Excitation functions (EF) for four reactions of the type 93Nb (α, xn); x = 1-4 were studied. This study provides current evidences about the dominance of pre-equilibrium processes at high energies followed by compound nucleus equilibration at low energies. The main objective of the work is to look pre-equilibrium emission induced by alpha particle energies up to 100 MeV on Niobium through describing, analyzing and interpreting the theoretical results of cross sections obtained from computer code COMPLET by comparing with experimental data obtained from EXFOR library. COMPLET code has been used for the analysis using the initial exciton number n0 = 4(4p+oh) and level density parameter ACN/10. A general agreement was found for all reactions.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2023 Mekonen CS, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The International Journal of Physics Research and Applications is committed in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. In order to use the Open Access paradigm to the maximum extent in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage right, we grant usage rights through the use of specific Creative Commons license.
License: Copyright © 2017 - 2025 | 
Open Access by International Journal of Physics Research and Applications is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at Heighten Science Publications Inc.
With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with the journal, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
Compliance 'CC BY' license helps in:
| Permission to read and download | ✓ |
| Permission to display in a repository | ✓ |
| Permission to translate | ✓ |
| Commercial uses of manuscript | ✓ |
'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.
Agarwal A, Rizvi IA. Excitation function studies of α induced reactions for niobium and preequilibrium effects. 2002. December 2016. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.65.034605
Rao AVM, Mukherjee S, Rao JR. Alpha particle induced reactions on copper and tantalum. 1991; 36(1): 115-123.
The I. Equilibrium and Pre-Equilibrium Studies in Some Alpha Induced Reactions on Rhodium. 2001; 70(10): 2903 -2908. https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.70.2903
Blann M. Preequilibrium Decay. Annu Rev Nucl Sci. 1975; 25: 123-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.25.120175.001011
Feshbach H, Kerman A, Koonin S. The statistical theory of multi-step compound and direct reactions. Annals of Physics. 1980; 125(2): 429-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(80)90140-2
Maencher H, Hensel H. Determination of Order and Deadtime for Multivariable Discrete-Time Parameter Estimation Methods. IFAC Proceedings Series. 1985; 7: 1811-1816. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60832-2
Cline CK, Blann M. The pre-equilibrium statistical model: Description of the nuclear equilibration process and parameterization of the model. Nuclear Physics Section A. 1971; 172(2): 225–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(71)90713-5
Gadioli E, Erba EG, Sona PG. Intermediate-state decay rates in the exciton model. Nuclear Physics Section A. 1973; 217(3): 589-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(73)90414-4
Gadioli E, Gadioli-Erba E, Hogan JJ, Jacak BV. Model for alpha particle induced nuclear reactions: Nb93(,xypzn) from 40-140 MeV. Physical Review C. 1984; 29(1): 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.29.76
Griffin JJ. Statistical model of intermediate structure. Physical Review Letters. 1966; 17(9):478-481. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.478
Dupont E, Koning AJ, Otuka N. Exploratory data analysis of the EXFOR database. Journal of the Korean Physical Society. 2011; 59(23): 1333–1336. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.59.1333
Lemmel HD. Short guide to EXFOR. 1986. June. https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm
Angdasaw KA. Study of reaction mechanism in P + 133 CS systems at various energies of protons. June.
Blann M, Vonach HK. Global test of modified precompound decay models. Physical Review C. 1983; 28(4): 1475-1492. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.28.1475
Kebede E. the Study of Α-Particle Induced Reactions on 27Al & 197Au Nuclides. 2014; https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59aa/2c73ae3a0a01c2f1433e6549f25767430b82.pdf
Kim K, Kim GN, Naik H, Zaman M, Yang SC, Song TY, Guin R, Das SK. Excitation function and isomeric ratio of Tc-isotopes from the 93Nb(α, xn) reaction. Nuclear Physics A. 2015; 935:65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2014.12.006
Kumar Sharma M, Bhardwaj HD, Unnati P, Singh P, Singh BP, Prasad R. A study of pre-equilibrium emission of neutrons in 93Nb(α, xn) reactions. European Physical Journal A. 2007; 31(1): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2005-10318-5
Amanuel FK, Zelalem B, Chaubey AK, Agarwal A, Rizvi IA. Significant amount of pre-equilibrium contribution in the α+ 93Nb system at energies ≈ 18-40 MeV. Chinese Journal of Physics. 2011; 49(4): 884–892.
Mukherjee S, Singh NL, Kumar GK, Chaturvedi L. Measurement and analysis of isomeric cross section ratios in the reaction Nb93(α,2n)Tc95: Pre-equilibrium reaction mechanism. Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. 2005; 72(1): 0-6. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.72.014609
Branquinho CL, Hoffmann SMA, Newton GWA, Robinson VJ, Wang HY, Grant IS, Goodall JAB. Excitation functions and isomer ratios in the reactions 93Nb(α, xn) (x = 1-4). Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1979; 41(5): 617–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(79)80343-7
Ernst J. Investigation of -Induced Reactions on Niobium and Tantalum. 1984; 182:169-182.
Kim G. Activities on Nuclear Data for Charged- particle Monitor Reactions and Medical Isotope Production. 2014.