Cyclical Cosmology, Energy and Curvature of Space-Time

Main Article Content

Sanjay Bhushan*

Abstract

Cyclical cosmic conditions illuminate profound philosophical and physical implications regarding the fundamental nature of the universe. From this perspective, a singularity could actually symbolize a transformation of the underlying structures and laws of our universe, providing insights into the relationships among energy, curvature, and existence of the universe itself. In cyclical cosmology, the universe can be understood as existing in two distinct states: a static potential state and an active kinetic state. Quantum mechanics also reinforces the belief that even in seemingly empty spaces, vacuum fluctuations and differences in potential can give rise to emergent phenomena.

Article Details

Bhushan, S. (2024). Cyclical Cosmology, Energy and Curvature of Space-Time. International Journal of Physics Research and Applications, 7(2), 159–161. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001102
Research Articles

Copyright (c) 2024 Bhushan S.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The International Journal of Physics Research and Applications is committed in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. In order to use the Open Access paradigm to the maximum extent in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage right, we grant usage rights through the use of specific Creative Commons license.

License: Copyright © 2017 - 2025 | Creative Commons License Open Access by International Journal of Physics Research and Applications is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at Heighten Science Publications Inc.

With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with the journal, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.

Compliance 'CC BY' license helps in:

Permission to read and download
Permission to display in a repository
Permission to translate
Commercial uses of manuscript

'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.

Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license. 

Bhushan S. Energy transformation and the emergence of space-time: A classical-quantum unified framework. Phys Int. 2024;15(1):1-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3844/pisp.2024.1.6

Einstein A. Relativity: The special and general theory. New York: H. Holt and Company; 1920. Available from: https://www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/Einstein/Einstein_Relativity.pdf

Jacobson T. Thermodynamics of spacetime: The Einstein equation of state. Phys Rev Lett. 1995;75(7):1260-3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1260

Penrose R. Gravitational collapse and space-time singularities. Phys Rev Lett. 1965;14(3):57-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57

Hawking S. A brief history of time. New York: Bantam Books; 1988.

Penrose R. Cyclic cosmology and the arrow of time. Int J Mod Phys D. 2010;19(14):2321-33.

Gambini R, Pullin J. The emergence of classical time from a quantum gravity perspective. Int J Mod Phys D. 2009;18(3):319-29.

Hartle JB, Hawking SW. Wave function of the universe. Phys Rev D. 1983;28(12):2960-75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960

Dayalbagh Educational Institute. Discourse by Rev. Prof. P.S. Satsangi Sahab. 2024 Feb 25. Available from: https://www.dei.ac.in/dei/edei/files/2024/Discourse_Rev_Prof_PS_Satsangi_Sahab_25_02_2024.pdf

Rovelli C. Emergent time and the origin of time’s arrow. Found Phys. 2012;42(10):1062-76.

Bhushan S. Universal matter synthesis and management via constructive resonance: Pioneering advancements in physical sciences and applied systems. Int J Fundam Phys Sci. 2023;13(3):30-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2023.330160

Barbour JB. Time and quantum gravity: Philosophical perspectives. Stud Hist Philos Mod Phys. 2020;72:20-33.

Sakharov AD. Vacuum quantum fluctuations in curved space and the theory of gravitation. Sov Phys Dokl. 1967;12(11):1040-1. Available from: https://ayuba.fr/pdf/sakharov_qvf.pdf

Verlinde E. On the origin of gravity and the laws of Newton. J High Energy Phys. 2011;2011(4):29. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2011)029

Einstein A. Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases. Sitzungsber Preuss Akad Wiss. 1925;1:3. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=3281121

Callender C. What makes time special? Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017. Available from: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/what-makes-time-special-9780198797302?cc=us&lang=en&

Anderson E. The problem of time in quantum gravity. Found Phys. 2017;47(3):174-203.

Smolin L. Three roads to quantum gravity. New York: Basic Books; 2001. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252914350_Book_Review_Three_roads_to_quantum_gravity_Basic_Books_2001