The International Journal of Physics Research and Applications (IJPRA) is committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards in scientific publishing. Authors submitting manuscripts to the journal must adhere to ethical guidelines that ensure transparency, integrity, and credibility in physics research.

Authorship and Contribution

All authors listed on a manuscript should have made significant contributions to the research and writing process. Authors must:

• Substantially contribute to the conception, methodology, experimentation, or analysis of the study.
• Be involved in drafting, reviewing, or revising the manuscript critically.
• Approve the final version before submission.
• Agree to be accountable for the integrity and accuracy of the research.

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet authorship criteria should be acknowledged appropriately.

Originality and Plagiarism

The IJPRA upholds strict policies against plagiarism and duplicate publication. Authors must:

• Ensure their manuscript is original and free from plagiarism.
• Properly cite and credit all sources, including figures, equations, and datasets.
• Refrain from submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously.
• Avoid self-plagiarism by properly referencing their own previously published work.

Plagiarism in any form, including data fabrication or falsification, will lead to immediate rejection or retraction.

Data Integrity and Reproducibility

Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of their research findings. The journal expects:

• Raw data to be available for editorial review if requested.
• Proper documentation of experimental procedures and computational methods.
• Transparency in numerical analysis, simulations, and statistical validation.

Any manipulation or fabrication of data will be considered a serious ethical violation.

Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence their research findings, including:

• Financial relationships with funding agencies, research institutions, or private organizations.
• Personal or professional affiliations that may bias the study.
• Any external funding received for the research.

Failure to disclose conflicts of interest may result in retraction or rejection of the manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Compliance

For research involving human subjects, biological materials, or environmental impact, authors must:

• Obtain approval from a recognized ethics committee, if applicable.
• Ensure compliance with relevant ethical and safety regulations.
• Clearly state any ethical considerations within the manuscript.

Studies involving simulations, computational models, or theoretical physics must adhere to best practices in transparency and validation.

Corrections and Retractions

The IJPRA maintains a policy for correcting errors and addressing ethical concerns. Authors must:

• Inform the journal immediately if they discover significant errors in their published work.
• Cooperate with the editorial board in issuing corrections or retractions when necessary.
• Report any suspected research misconduct related to their study.

Articles found to contain ethical violations or unreliable findings may be subject to retraction.

Submission Declaration

By submitting a manuscript to the IJPRA, authors confirm that:

• The manuscript has not been submitted or published elsewhere.
• All co-authors have reviewed and approved the submission.
• The work complies with ethical research and publication guidelines.

For any ethical concerns or clarifications, authors are encouraged to contact the editorial office.